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Last updated: 28.01.26
AI Ethics
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Glossary
Artificial intelligence
Also known as AI, Artificial Intelligence refers to a digital computer's ability to perform processes that typically require human intellect, like complex reasoning, speech recognition or visual interpretation, and learning from experience. AI can also refer to the scientific field dedicated to developing and understanding these abilities in digital agents.
Optical character recognition
A technology that converts images of text into machine-readable and editable text. It is a foundational technology in the digitisation of archive and historic materials. it is frequently abbreviated to OCR.
Named entity recognition
A task within natural language processing (NLP) to identify and classify important information from text. The information that is identified and classified is referred to as an entity. Examples of entity categories include people, location, dates and organisations.
Natural language processing
The application of computational techniques to the analysis and reproduction of natural language. Encompassing a broad range of different specific fields of research, but perhaps most significantly has contributed to modern "AI chat" applications and interfaces. Frequently shortened to NLP.
Generative adversarial network
A machine learning framework where two deep neural networks, a generator and a discriminator, are pitted against each other to eventually train the generator network to create highly realistic synthetic data. Both models are continuously updated, with the generator attempting to mimic a real-world dataset, and the discriminator judging whether this incoming data is real (from the training dataset) or fake (generated by the other neural network). Once the generator network can consistently fool the discriminator, the generator neural network can be used to create highly realistic synthetic data in the form of images, sounds, text, or whatever other form of data it was trained on.
Hugging Face
Hugging Face is an online community-based platform for sharing high quality machine learning models and datasets. The site specialises in natural language processing models, and largely operates on an open-source basis.
Large language model
Large language models (LLMs) are machine learning models capable of recognising and generating human language. These models are trained on vast datasets of high-quality human textual communication, often scraped from the web. LLMs rely on a form of machine learning called deep learning, which analyses the probability of various letters, words and sentences appearing together across these enormous datasets to eventually understand their function and relationships. To date, ChatGPT is perhaps the most famous example of a LLM.
Machine learning
Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence working towards developing computers' ability to learn and generalise in the way human beings can, and to perform complex tasks without explicit guidance. Machine learning can take the form of supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, or reinforcement learning, and ultimately hopes to develop computer programs that can improve their own performance.
GLAM Lab
GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) labs are spaces for innovation within cultural heritage institutions, where staff explore how advanced technologies can benefit audiences, collections, and access. GLAM labs investigate and create digital innovation from a place of public interest and custodial responsibility, often viewing their work as an extension of their trusted information-sharing roles. SLV LAB is a GLAM Lab.
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